Painkillers are some of the most commonly used medicines in the world. people take them for many reasons, such as to ease headaches, muscle pain and long-term pain. while painkillers can be helpful in relieving discomfort, taking to many or using them incorrectly can cause serious health problems, especially to the stomach and kidneys.

Understanding painkillers

There are two main types of painkillers non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids.

• NSAIDs reduce swelling and block pain signals in the body.

• Opioids work by affecting the nervous system to reduce strong pain, but they carry a higher of risk addiction and other side effects.

How painkillers Affect the stomach

• Gastritis: This is when the stomach lining gets inflamed, causing pain, nausea and vomiting.

• Peptic ulcers: These are painful sores in the stomach or small intestine, leading to stomach pain, bloating and indigestion.

• Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Long-term use of painkillers can cause stomach bleeding, which can be very serious. Symptoms include dark or bloody stools, vomiting blood, or feeling faint.

How painkillers affect the kidneys

The kidneys help filter waste from your blood and keep your body’s fluids balanced. Regular use of painkillers, especially NSAIDs can damage the kidneys over time. some problems include:

• Acute kidney injury: This is when the kidneys suddenly stop working as well. waste builds up in the body, which can be dangerous.

• Chronic kidney disease: Over time, painkillers can slowly damage the kidneys, possibly leading to kidney failure. This is especially risky for people with existing kidney problems, diabetes or high blood pressure.

• Fluid Retention: Some painkillers cause the body to hold on to extra fluids, raising blood pressure and putting more strain on the kidneys.

Warming signs to look out for

If you take painkillers regularly and notice any of the following, you should see a doctor:

• Constant stomach pain

• Changes in your bowel movements

• Swelling in your legs or ankles

• Feeling very tired

• less urine than usual

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